The Electromagnetic Gauge Field Interpolation between the Instant Form and the Front Form of the Hamiltonian Dynamics

We present the electromagnetic gauge field interpolation between the instant form and the front form of the relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics and extend our interpolation of the scattering amplitude presented in the simple scalar field theory to the case of the electromagnetic gauge field theory with the scalar fermion fields known as the sQED theory. We find that the Coulomb gauge in the instant form dynamics (IFD) and the light-front gauge in the front form dynamics, or the light-front dynamics (LFD), are naturally linked by the unified general physical gauge that interpolates between these two forms of dynamics and derive the spin-1 polarization vector for the photon that can be generally applicable for any interpolation angle. Corresponding photon propagator for an arbitrary interpolation angle is found and examined in terms of the gauge field polarization and the interpolating time ordering. Using these results, we calculate the lowest-order scattering processes for an arbitrary interpolation angle in sQED. We provide an example of breaking the reflection symmetry under the longitudinal boost, $P^z \leftrightarrow -P^z$, for the time-ordered scattering amplitude in any interpolating dynamics except the LFD and clarify the confusion in the prevailing notion of the equivalence between the infinite momentum frame (IMF) and the LFD. The particular correlation found in our previous analysis of the scattering amplitude in the simple scalar field theory, coined as the J-shaped correlation, between the total momentum of the system and the interpolation angle persists in the present analysis of the sQED scattering amplitude. We discuss the singular behavior of this correlation in conjunction with the zero-mode issue in the LFD.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure

Investigating the relationship between brand image and profitability

The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between brand image and profitability in the case of a cosmetics and skincare store. This research focuses on what effect brand image can have on a store’s economic income, from three aspects. A qualitative method was used to gain information, A questionnaire is the most important research form in this research project. Brand image is an external manifestation of enterprise spiritual culture; the intangible assets of an enterprise, so the store should establish a high degree of brand image. Based on the research result, brand image could be enhanced by strengthening brand management, optimising brand design and attaching importance to product and service quality

Credit Risk Scoring Analysis Based on Machine Learning Models

In the big data era, institutions can easily access a massive number of data describing different aspects of a user. Therefore, credit scoring models are now building from both the past credit records of the applicant, and other personal information including working years and characteristics of owned properties. A wide variety of usable information has required models to extract more expressive features from data and apply the effective models to fit the features. This paper reports our efforts in using feature engineering techniques and machine learning models for credit scoring modeling. Based on the Kaggle Home Credit Default Risk dataset, several current feature engineering techniques and machine learning models have been tested and compared in terms of the AUC score. The results have shown that the LightGBM model training on expert knowledge generated datasets can achieve the best result (About 78% AUC score)

Verification of Nonblockingness in Bounded Petri Nets With Minimax Basis Reachability Graphs

This paper proposes a semi-structural approach to verify the nonblockingness of a Petri net. We construct a structure, called minimax basis reachability graph (minimax-BRG): it provides an abstract description of the reachability set of a net while preserving all information needed to test if the net is blocking. We prove that a bounded deadlock-free Petri net is nonblocking if and only if its minimax-BRG is unobstructed, which can be verified by solving a set of integer constraints and then examining the minimax-BRG. For Petri nets that are not deadlock-free, one needs to determine the set of deadlock markings. This can be done with an approach based on the computation of maximal implicit firing sequences enabled by the markings in the minimax-BRG. The approach we developed does not require the construction of the reachability graph and has wide applicability.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

An Analysis of the Principles in Formulation and Implementation of University Constitution from the Perspective of the Spirit of Law

Under the background of university constitution construction,the formulation and implementation of the university constitution need to be divided into three parts, the legal effect,the regulatory mechanism,the power inside and outside of the university and the legal relationship, these three areas need further improvement. This paper will analyze the principles of university constitution from three aspects: constitution formulation, rights and interests protection and procedure implementation conditions